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Thomas Eaton Swann Papers, Vance House-Ward
- STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA — DEPARTMENT OF CULTURAL RESOURCES Microfilmed by | DIVISION OF ARCHIVES AND HISTORY Archives and Records Section Raleigh, North Carolina HISTORICAL NEWS - In July the Council of State appropriated $14,333 to the State Department of Archives and History to cover the cost of a State Records Microfilm Project through June 30, 1952. The program involves microfilming the modern records of various state agen- cies, For this purpose Mr: Herbert R. Paschal, Jr., Mrs. Bettie Y. Holland, and Mrs. Julia B. Jordan have been employed, under the Division of Archives and Manuscripts, of which Mr. W. Frank Burton is head. The first records to be microfilmed. are those of the State Auditor. The house in Statesville in which Governor Zebulon B. Vance lived for several months in 1865, after. the capture of Raleigh by Sherman’s army, has been moved from near the center of town to a public park, where it is maintained by the United-Daughters of the Confederacy. The house, which will be used in part for-an Iredell. County historical museum,> was opened to- the ‘public on Saturday, September 1. Dr. Christopher Crittenden and Mrs. Joye E. Jordan attended the opening. 4 The North Carolina Council of State has just published the Public Addresses and Papers of Robert Gregg Cherry, Governor of North Carolina, 1945-1949, edited by David Leroy Corbitt, pp. Ixiv, 1058, illustrated. This book is available upon application to Mr. D. L. Corbitt, State Department of Archives and History, Raleigh. ie “a9 ~/P 22 Vance House Will Be Included In Nationa! Historical Guide Members ‘of Statesville Chapter, United Daughters of the Confederacy, were told about an inquiry made here concerning the Vance House, when they met Tuesday evening at the home of Mrs. 0. C. Lynch on Stockton Stree}: Miss Mary Lee Gray was associate hostess. Mrs. Bonner Knox reported that she received a telephone call from Readers Digest offi- cials requesting information and pictures about the Vance House; which the firm plans to include in a Guide to Historical Houses, scheduled for pub- lication in the near future. nformation has already been forwarded to them, Mrs. Knox also reported that Mrs. Robert Bell of Phillips- burg, N. J., wants to.write the history of the Vance House for a report on historic sites and necessary information is also being supplied toher. — Mrs. Frank R. McLaughlin presided over the business meeting when reports were heard from several committee groups and a letter of greeting ead from Mrs. Pearl S. Aber- hathy, an out-of-town member 0 now lives in Great Falls, S. . Several other members un- able to be present were re- membered with cards being mailed by Mrs. Lee Kiser. L will be held in Concord on April 3 and since the date conflicts with the local chapter meeting, members agreed to cancel the local meeting in Statesville and tend the meeting in Concord. Miss Mary Lee Gray was in charge of the program and based her paper on “Tar Heel Women’’ written by Lane Rogers. She chose three North 4rolina Confederate heriones the program. Each of the three worked deligently for the nd they loved and considered D sacrifice too great to make slim the “soldiers in grey.’ Mrs, Abbey Horne House, mown as ‘Aunt Abby’ had bight nephews that she gave to the Southern Army. She could neither read nor write but ted her way to Lee, Davis d Vance, aiding the South in innumerable ways. _Second was Mrs. Rose O'Neal Greenhaw, a young widow who fas also rich and beautiful. Mrs. Greenhaw served as a spy and was drowned off the coast of Wilmington while returning — from a mission to England. She is buried at Wilmington and was highly honored by the Southern leaders. ea Mrs. Anna Morrison Jackson, wife 6f Stonewall Jackson was the third Tar Heel woman to be featured. Born in 1831 at ‘‘Cot- tage Home,” she was one of three daughters of the first president of Davidson College. All three married confederate generals. ® Mrs. Jackson lived to be 84 years-of-age and organized the first UDC Chapter in Charlotte. She was very active in all his- torical endeavors. Her home, surrounded by huge magnolia - trees, was on a large Trade Street lot in downtown Char- lotte. Upon.arrival members were served spiced fruit punch, iced cake squares, cheese crunchies and flat green mints. The St: Patrick's Day theme was car- ried out in the refreshments. Red azaleas graced the en- trance ‘hall and an oblong arrangement of - yellow snap- dragons -and lilies was on. the dining room table. CONSISTENT SCENT Keep your scent consistent. If you enjoy. the flower shop scent. with bath. oil: dusting powder and perfume. The same goes for the popular musk scent which now comes in every imaginable _ beauty product. - Add ‘a little grated cheddar cheese and minced parsley to mashed potatoes for a welcome change. « : FAT OVERWEIGHT Odrinex can help yeu become the trim. person you want to be. Odrinex is. a tiny tablet and easily swallowed. Contains no dangerous drugs. No starving. No special exercise. Get rid of excess fat and live longer, Odrinex has been used successfully by thousands all over the country for 14 years. Gdrinex Plan is available in regular and large economy size. You must lose’ ugly fat or your money will be refunded. No questions asked. Sold with this guarantee by, EVERY DAY . 1S SAVINGS DAY - Ww ON EVERYTHING AT REYCO oS ; = Une ap 5 he Ze nee House at 219 West f ae in Statesville is now 9; a use it was picked by/R oh Notth Carolina's war time Gover- nor as the temporary State Capi« tol and executive mansion when Union troops entered Raleigh. . Sherman’s army entered Raleigh} s On April 14, 1865, and David L. Swain gave them the keys to the capitol in the absence of Gover- nor Vance. After this, a long neriod ;0f military control followed. ~ W. W. Holden was elected Governor. A carpet-bagger assembly tvok charge of state affairs, indulged in high living, voted themselves sal- | aries of eight dollars per day and 120 cents per mile (horseback) for travel. They installed an open bar — in, the rotunda of the Capitol and it was. known as “The Third House.” Nicks in the Capitol steps are still visible where’ whisky barrels were rolled in and out. All this was brought to an end in 1877 when the Democrats returned to power with Zeb Vance as Governor for the second time. rota in and out. All this was brought to an-end in 1877 when the Democrats returned to power with Zeb Vance as Governor for the second time. la-|days of-the War M0 IR ——~F30-F/ One Iredell county structure to which jig attached historical significance, probably unsurpass- ed by any other loca] edifice, is to come into its. own thig Satur- day with the forma] public open- ing in Grace Park, on West Sharpe street, of the modest, yet in its graceful simplicity, impressive, two-story, white clapboard house, now known as the Vance House. It derives its fame in that it was residence of North Carolina’s -|Governor Zebuk& B. Vance and ;{his family during. the closing Between the States, And it was at this house that the wartime governor was t|taken pisoner by Union troops almost immediately after the 5} military collapse of the Confed- eracy and started on fhe long journey to Washington, where he was imprisoned, later released on parole, and stil] had before him a distinguished career in the United States Senate, During the some 80 years that followed the house stood; ‘a mod- est residence on West Broad street here, and comparatively little thought was given it as a |; historical relic, Then, a few’ years back, largely through the efforts of the late Mrs, H. P. Grier, an organization known as the Vance Historica] So- ciety, was formed and chartered by the state of North Carolina. It was this society’s purpose. to start a statewide ‘movement, whereby ownership of the resi- dence could be acquired, and it restored and converted into a Confederate museum. and orial. But with the advent of World War II which absorbed the interests and energies of most, the society was not q te able to pests its aims, So | a _ m i | ROUEN. e. operty On which the | House | 4 nt to his busi- | Robert Black, | er of Black rs Inc.,. here ness, and presented the local chap- ter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy the house, with the provision that it be moved | from its original site. Upon this, the local threw all -its energies ! finding a new site for the house, paying for its removal there, and its appropriate restoration to) 4 state of original authenticits Leading this movement, was the local UDC Vance House ‘Com- ‘mittee, headed by Mra W. Ban- ner Knox, with Mrs. H. 0, Ste¢le and Mrs, FE. RK. Rankin #3 mem-_ bers,.. The city of Statesvil! quickly provided the site, at tractive Grace Park, severa! blocks to the south and sligatiy west of the original site. kunt were provided for j and restoration by generous. us nations *of loca] citizens,’ + U pe ward the removél was t “a moved im June 1950, and yestoré tion has -been in then, as funds for becamé § available. truly represents the realization of a long-cherished dreani ht progress. sint this purpose The pening >\ furnished throughout mem- many local people. This has now been accomplis} ed and when it opens to the pub- lie: Saturday, as an Iredell county historical museum, it~ will he with forth Vance Per through the ture authentic to the iod, made available courtesy of Blackwelder sFurni- ture Company, located a few miles north of Stateévillé on Highway 21. By turning Vance House into an | Iredel] .county historical museum, the UDC is not confining it to the 1861-1865 period, but -rathe: to all of Iredell history from pre-Revolutionary War down to the present It is hoped that a large nnn) per of relics of local significance will he placed there davs nastorical ‘matter’ for public view. l a - he h + my -Ghnistras -cerc ae Chrictma « 4 4 ruched ¢ gee. (Bowj lane Ole -arct «ae 2 2 Cedi = = ww ow 7 (bce te. c Ch ae \ litres Or~ JLen Cx< eft EADIE 9 Z vi? ify =~ ple ithe Olly T= setieensi ta ances ¢ - ftSt /FTc J322- nee n reee-s mE) Fry joa A 3 13 éi: ¥7¢ if ant F779) BEE & A haat ba yn) | , 1 ita 6, Spare nes Fg ZR bth. /TE2-7T ae Fi. ee! | ¥d7— i) : | Xu f fis My (Ale Chas a +s ‘i. ‘ Dinwllat : oe mo a TGS ~ ~< Fit pt i" ee Bow 'd a A 120 iL Dio | Ti). S26. 1 (ete ie aera a DEPARTMENT OF CULTURAL RESOURCES DIVISION OF ARCHIVES AND HISTORY ARCHIVES AND. RECORDS SECTION ~ CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICITY This is to certify that the microphotographs appearing on this reel are true and accurate reproductions of the records listed on the target (title) sheet preceding each| volume or series of records microfilmed hereon; .that- the records were microfilmed on the date and at the reduction ratio indicated, and that on the date! of microfilming, the records were in the custody of the official or other individual listed on the target sheet (s). It is further certified that the records listed on the aforesaid target sheet(s) were microfilmed in conformity with the provisions of Sections 8-45. 1 - 8-45.4, General Statutes of North Carolina; that the film used conforms toa USA Standard Specifications for Safety Photographic Film (USAS PHI-25-1965) and for Photographic Film for Permanent Records (ANSI PHI-28-1973), and that in order to: insure archival quality and authentic reproduction of records filmed, they were microfilmed in the manner prescribed, and with equipwent and film approved, by the Division of Archives and History. - a f ] 7 ) te bg A c *(Signed) Kos es a _——— Camera Operator ° STATE-OF NORTH CAROLINA DEPAR IMENT OF CULTURAL RESOURCES Microfilmed by DI VISION OF ARCHIVES AND HISTORY Archives and Records Section Raleigh, North Carolina IREDELL COUNTY PUeLIC Ligeary | STATESVILLE, W.C. | owas |eaTon buame Pare ne ALPHABETICAL GROUP; wo | YEARS Dorvous, /RED, RATIO see] | DATE FILMED"; 4. 7- q9 | "WOO9 OH NI LON SIOUVH ANVE EL Dwy iar tf peta. EL] oe L.. nee | Revolt L Pa a - < ce Flb.. is gk. lot—2 cl Loew, madd 1c Ou Ordbrica yee a * lwetA cer LCA La jeih Sef. Ve 2p oe AA ULe - ¢ O - 4/6 oO of. Crack li me — Fi ite te jp ch. oo A 4 768+ 72, aad Bord Z pr5es | bid thus br f deep | en bree! , U fl ails te, uh Bote ur > Ps. wpe, ee et Latin 66,.Lz0 (rnc fof | eMiss Mary €. Lazenby 2333 Nebraska Ave. Washington 16, - ic : May 20, 1956. * Desr Mr. Swanns voy. ‘I-gee it was April 11 that you wrote mentioning ‘the arrival of Thomas Swann III, I offer heartiest con- | gratulations. How many times are you.» grandfather? but one to carry on the name ic sure to be a pet. \It has been pretty good for farming around ry 1. house, though on the side of dry, and I imagine it has been more or less the same with you.” Viel dta* fot know Cousin. Katie Stimson wes first postmaster at Cool Spring. Interesting.- ! . | : dit de Lh eS fot + id You were wondering nbout respective dates of Cool Spring's beginning and Oak Forest's ending. Did not Oak Forest go on as a postoffice for gome time after Cool Spring started? I don't know but mail came to the old. Lazenby place at Belt's Bridge as late as 1857 and I think laters Oak Forest served a more northérly aren than Cool Spring? | Also you mentioned a lady in Texas who might be on her way to Eagleton and asked if you mirht ask her to take me slong. By all means, if she is.a good driver. Yhy do 't_ you and Mrs. Swann core too? it Yes, I have so often heard my mother mention | "Davy Waddle." That is the way she pronounced it. to The lumbego Mrs. Swann had I know something about - and ialso last year I féund out something of "fressure of ver- tebra on a nerve,’ which wes in the middle of the thigh -~ that is, (the pain was. There had been too much hard work. I hope Mrs. Swann is better. I have had no real trouble since I lay off heavy work around the house, but I reelize the ne- cessity of being cereful in lifting and the like. ae Then do I understand that the one acre re- served for burying ground is still, unless lansed, legally Robey property? Or is it public property? Or does it. bel®ng ‘to the "Lewis Graveyard Fund?" [ would Tike a footpath from the hi¢rhway with a row of trees to shade -the path, maybe dogwoods. The idea was Laura's and also mine. I never saw the Salisbury deed.” It confirms mv supnrosition - that the Robeys are buried there, and no doubt others of the Maryland Colony, up to the time the land, nee oe the graveyard, os Daniel Lewis, he 10 ‘ r ; : oe | The "Widow Robey" wes Eleanor. Thomas. died 177°, 8 she in 1775, and Sharpe Map dates about that time, Bg ‘4 Incidental} Vs what’ date - t seems to nNOtes jlast Slim. n Oth } I have noth on Bowman, I think the 1790 nw must } Of la later Beneration, - People you know . meny younger ones, een or throw away as you like, | This Lovela¢ Statesvilla, in Fresno, I believe, \ So, YOu Bee I had er I thenugh t the od. Wag from » Doctor Was almost: Iredel] iu Hw mg C2 Ame f/ | eke i fera’ he pete s A<€ | : fas l 2 py a A le gl Pd 79:42 oer ¢ a € “ ¢ Pah dhe gs ot thas am LLL, g , 4 7 la a , Lee Tmt, NAY fee be L Yad ae tenZad? Z F 2-ae\ Le 77) Mf teg J eon, yp ino Zé é Pll: Hi. A A, And Loz ee he 7g Aap $3 L., Pr rte "ee «2 To 12 7a 25 R-¥ 3 7, oo ee REE ees OV gs EMTZ, Zz Pha, Og : F2 A-9 tah yy of P2cl ops : PP een a Gre ct oe Aéd, Cm td li tov [fade v ay : pa d “x cad Py. adda] _. A ak / PHONE 2-1286 Sold to_lom_ Swann Pilot Life Ins, Co. 3"x2" Santee 3° met TT 2" Galv. Nipple ° F2100: Closet , P4100 Lav. 2" Galv. Ell 14" Dr. Y Putty 14" P Trap. 4"x3" Flange coche Bolts "x4" Louplings 13" nfoples. , 2"xa" Dr. Tee 3" Cleanout 2" Cleanout 3" Combination Closet Seat 3" SH C.I, Pipe 3" DH C.1, Pipe Ree oP OS OS Dad > et ot he WwW RHR RH -O 3909 E. BESSEMER AVE. | APPLIANGES GREENSBORO. N. C. PHONE 2-1286 4" San. Tee oat Dr. Tee 2"x1$" Bushing - Closet Screws With Washers the Taylorsville aca- ey School of , both of | whom had been in feeble health. When the officers arrived, . Carolyn Moore Information avail- listed the address of the trio as 1112 Boulevard. The three women were am able locally day night, but es bit off more than | chew, and the safe were able to see Mr. and | ered. _ Sloan in separate they noticed what appeared | bloodstains on Mr. Sloan's beds,| Police J. D. My restaurant was entered ing a large plate glass W at the west side of They forced their way into | ing e house and found Mr. Sloan uffering from slashed wrists other self-inflicted wounds. quoted him as saying he and had no longer had anything to live for. He is being treated at Iredell Memorial Hospital. Funeral services for Mrs. Sloan will be held at 11 a.m. Wednesday at Broad Street Me- thodist Oburch, conducted by Rev. Walter Lee Lanier. Inter- ment will follow in Oakwood ce- door, according Chief Myers HHT E ae et ie bis eg rit ie 3 5 8&9 tate it} “A re Sat zeice rt if if EBEEER-EFEE ited ateteath sipetr; aghie is sae} gag = e. ef ‘ over their | 83 ei (65 a ‘Made On Reds In Retaliation SAIGON (UPT) — American and South Vietnamese aifcraft today blasted military bases in Communist North Viet Nam for the second day. South Vietnamese strongman said “7m per cent of the objectives - were destroyed” in the strike against Vinh Linh today. F Khanh said 24 Vietnamese r-bombers and strafed the mill specific details about yed by the Ameri- A issued by the U. S. Embassy said only: “tn furtherance of the action announced yesterday by the act- ing prime nay and the U.S. was ie , was underlined by of ders for the immediate with- drawal of pendents from South . Wives and children hurriedly belongings for the evac- uation which will begin Monday. Forty-nine American jets at- unist troop stag- jn retaliation for & Viet Cong guerrilla raid on a U.S, ‘base that left eight worst def ican forces in the years - history of the Vietnamese war against the Communist guerril- las. Khant. said raiders was shot di raid today. but that bailed out safely over South Vietnamese territory. He said Air Vice Marshal Nguyen Cao Ky, commander of the South Viet Nam air force, led the raiders in person was wounded in the arm whea his plane was hit by four bul lets. Vinh Linh is about 75 miles south of Dong Hoi—the target of Sunday's air strikes. It is * about five miles north of the 17th Parallel—the line of demar- cation between North and South Viet Nam. . “The government of the re- public of Viet Nam has ‘decided inorder to punish the Vietne- mese Communists i stallations north of Parallel,” Khanh said. Asked about future possible strikes against military installa- tions in the north, Khanh would Vietnamese ; in- ill | wrote Diem | to assist the government cee THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 1965 Answers Of Three Administrations Given | Why Is U.S. Involved Ah Viet Nam War? By DONALD H. MAY | WASHINGTON (UPI)—Three US. presidents have tried to explain why the United States | is involved, at such cost of men | and money, in the war in South | Viet Nam. Is it to help the Vietnamese? Or is it to further basic U.S. strategic interests? This question has come in| for increasing public debate re- cently because of the upheavals in Saigon and the general frus- | tration of a war that never gets won. ’ It bears on how the United States should react if the recent flurry of anti-Americanism in Saigon were to grow in propor- tions, or if South Viet Nam one day asked the United States | to go home. The administration has been accused of not being clear on the basic question of purpose. Response To Request Technically, all U.S. aid to | South Viet Nam has been in response to a 1954 request from the late Ngo Dinh Diem, an- swered in a letter Oct. 23,' 1954, by President Dwight D. Eisen- | hower Agreeing to help, Eisenhower “The purpose. . .1S of | Viet Nam in developing and | maintaining a strong, Viable state, capable of resisting at- | tempted subversion or agres- eg But on April 4, 1959, in a} | ess that could, as it progressed, | have grave consequences for us | inescapable conclusion that our | said that, great flanking movement. . .the loss of South Viet Nam would set in motion ‘a crumbling proc- and for freedom. . .We reach the own national interests demand some help from us...” On Sept. 9, 1963, President John F. Kennedy was asked in a television interview whether he subscribed to the so called theory of “falling dominoes.” Would Improve Position He replied: “I believe it... China looms so high just beyond the frontiers, that if South Viet Nam went, it would not only | give them an improved geo- graphic position for a guerrilla | assault on Malaya but would | also give the impression that | the wave of the future in South- east Asia was China and the Communists.” And on March 15, 1964, Presi- | dent Johnson said loss of South | Viet Nam “would be a very} dangerous thing... and I think the whole of Southeast Asia | would be involved, and that would involve hundreds of mil- lions of people. . . it cannot be ignored.” On March 26, 1964, Defense Secretary Robert S. McNamara in addition, South Viet Nam is a test case for the | new Communist strategy . . . of | ‘wars of liberation’ or what 1s | properly called covert aggres- | sion or insurgency.” Carrying this one step far- | | tion toward moderation within ; speech at Gettysburg, Eisen-| ther, Secretary of State Dean | hower stated a deeper purpose: | Rusk said in’ a Dec. 23 news| “Strategically South Viet | conference: “We feel that we | Nam’s capture by the Commu-| have learned in the last many -| nists would bring their power | decades that a persistent course several hundred miles into a| of aggression left to go un- hitherto free region. The re-| checked can only lead to.a gen- | maining countries in Southeast | eral war and therefore that the | Asia would be menaced by a independence of particular coun- | of importance | if they arg checked. It cannot | come ifAhey are not—and._ any wf free nations makes the tries is a ma to the general \yeace.” Rush said that e Commu- nists took over South | “they would simply move the | haps immensely, more diffi- problem to the next country | cult.” and the next and the next... this is not dominoes, This is| @ LEGAL NOTICE @ \—NoTicr TO CREDITORS marxism.” It remained for William P. | Having qualified as Executore Bundy, assistant secretary of | of the estate of Winston Winfield state for Far. Eastern affairs | Rupard, this 1s to nottify all per- — : ’! sons heaving claims against said to add the ultimate refinement | decedent to file an itemized, vere in a speech last Jan. 23. ified statement thereof with the “If the Communist powers undersigned on or before the 4th : ¥ gust, 1965, { O- succeed in aggression,” Bundy | oe vied im ar of any said, “they will be encouraged, | recovery thereon free nations discouraged, and| This the 4th day of February, the inevitable process of evolu- | 1965. Marfice Pressly Rupard & Joyce Rupard Johnson, Executors of the estate of Winston Winfield Rupard 2/25/65 185 MUSTANG = atl i ee AT YOUR LOCAL FCX the Communist countries them- | selves postponed or perhaps prevented altogether.” Citing the reform of post-| Hitlerite Germany and miliarist |REGISTER Japan and the possible mellow- ing of Soviet cold war policies, | Bundy said: 2 NOW eee “Sucha process of modera- | tion’ will come eventually for | the Communist nations of Asia Psy <FOR YOUR CAG Motorists... T . » . Make an appointment with us for g irs. Bring your car or truck in at t e work while you sleep! P ck it with no lost time for you! We do the job better! SCARBOROUG — wi ARS. aire: Mine Oto ae WALTER LIPPMANN ON OUR PROBLEM IN VIETNAM 0" situation in South Vietnam is almost exactly that of the man who, when a bear came at him, grabhed it by the tail. His problem then was how to get rid of the-bear if he let go of its tail. In plain language our problem. in Southeast. Asia is how we. can induce the Communist bear (North Vietnam backed by Red China) to leave the whole of Indochina alane so we can safely and decently take awat our 18,000 military advisers. The problem jis, hard to solve, For the Com- munists think they are winning the war. They think that South Vietnam is breaking up in the disorders of the-Buddhists and the Catholics and of the ambitious generals and_ the politicians. The Communists believe that vietory is in sight, a victory in which they will engineer the down- fall of the Saigon government and its replace- ment by one which will ask the Americans to leave the country. So the Communists are in no mood to make any concessions to negotiate a compromise settlement. I think I am right in saying that the objective of United States policy today is to convince the . Communists in Hanoi and Peking that they can- not dictate a settlement and that they had better . negotiate. It is) false to say, therefore, as so many .are saying, that any negotiation is a sur- render. The American task is obviously a very difficult ohne, however. It is to negotiate a settle- ment which is not a surrender. Is theré any real alternative to such a nego- tiation? Once upon a time, the Eisenhower and the Kennedy Administrations thought that with ~ American jarms, money, and training, the Saigon government could defeat the Communist guerril- —las. No one at the center of responsibility believes that any longer. The outsider minority which clings to the idea of military victory has now pinned its hopes dw the) bombardment: of North Vietnam and even gt South China; No Military Solution. The Johnson - Adminis- tration has refused resolutely to follow this line of policy. Why? It seems so simple to argue that the war in Vietnam ¢an be won if we knock out North Vietnam which is supporting the war. But in fact it is not simple at all to win the war by bombing North Vietnam. The Hanoi infantry and behind it the inexhaustible infantry of China can overrun South Vietnam and Laos and Cambodia without meeting any serjous resistance from the demoral- ized and War-weary_troops that Saigon commands. Thus,-we find that a military solution cannot be had by aiding and supporting the South Viet- ‘leaders that just before we namese alone; it cannot be had by attacking North Vietnam. How are we to bring about a. negotiated settlement which is nota surrender, Which does not yield Indochina to conquest by Red China, and which is respectable in’ that. the feeble little na tions of what used to be called Indochina have a reasonable chance to govern. themselves? It is easier. to ask that question |than- it is to answer it. and I have no magic formula to offer But there may be, infact J] think there are, cer tain strategic principles which can be applied to the problem. The first is the old: American military doctrine, which: ‘was first breached in the Korean War, that the vital interests of the United State: cannot be defended by becoming involved in a land war on the continent of Asia. So much was this strategic principle taken to heart) by American intervened in- the Korean War in 1950, General MacArthur told John Foster Dulles that any American who committed American troops on the mainland of Asia should have his head examined. In view bf what hajy pened, that was a startling remark, and. | would not. believe it: if Mr. Dulles had not told me so himself shortly after he returned trom Tokyo at the outbreak of the Korean War. ‘Advisers.’ It is with a lingering respect for this ‘old established American stratégic principle that our government refuses to call what is going ‘on in South Vietnam a “war” and it is why the [S.000 troops We have there are called “advisers The second strategic principle ix that at sea and in the air American military power is para mount in -the whole Pacific and capable of. being paramount in the Indian Ocean as we'll. This meats that if eventually we come to an agreement which involves withdrawal of American, troops from Saigon,- we shall still have very great power and influence in the Far East.,The notign propagated by some, that we are in danger of} being driven back to Hawaii or Seattle, is nonsense : The hope of bringing’ about an acgeptable nego tiated settlement lies in the fact that no matter what happens, in the jungles of Indochina, Hanoi and Peking can never be at peace, can never be secure, unless they come to terms) with the sea and air power of the United States. The existence of this enormous power will someday permit us to hold back the Communist bear and to let go of his tail. Newsweek, Septembe 1 28. 1964 ~ US. destroyer in Gulf of Tonkin: ‘Hostile’ radar blips i ‘ The Vietnam Dilemma ow is it that: the greatest military power in the world, virtually un- challenged by its one international peer, is unable to wim or even geize the initiative. in a limited war to which it has committed not only its prestige but its own soldiers? 4 That is the problem in South Vietnam as it is seen by Administration strategists as well as by Sen. Barry Goldwater, and it has obsessed Washington In the attempt to solve if, the U.S. has supported three different South Viet- namese -leaders in less than a year; it has added ‘to its military “advisers” there (now 18,000) and their degree of aetive participation; it hds switched the emphasis in its economic’ aid from rural to ‘urban areas; and | it has even launched a severe counter-strike against enemy installations in North Vietnam. Except for the August ‘Gulf of Tonkin incident, which induced a brief period of euphoria, all of Washington's maneu- vers have proved bewilderingly futile. And last wéek, to make matters worse, the U.S. seemed finally to have run out of options in Vietnam—at least until the Nov. 3 elections. Murky: The evidence came late in a hectic week of events in Vietnam—and, paradoxically, it came in- the Tonkin Gulf. At 9 p.m. on Friday, two U.S. destroyers, on what Washington later ‘called a “routine patrol in international waters,” spotted the blips of four un- identified . vessels ‘on tadar, The de- strovers, judging the strange ships to be “hostile,” fired several, warning shots and, when the vessels continued to close in, opened direct ‘fire. The) ships, pre- sumably North Vietnamese, then disap- peared in the gulf’s) murky, stormy waters, and photo reconnaissance the next morning was unable to prove any of them had been hit: | The whole episode, Newsweek, September 28, 1964 of course, was for months. strikingly similar to the “provocations” of North Vietnamese PT boats in the Tonkin Gulf seven weeks ago—except that this time President Johnson chose not to react. That choice, announced by Secretary of Defense, Robert McNamara after an agonizing 28-hour delay, was seemingly based on three major consid- erations: (1) there was no clear-cut, “legitimate” proof of an aggressive act; (2) in contrast to their sluggishness last month, the North Vietnamese were quick to deny their boats had been in- volved; and (3) Mr. Johnson was obvi- ously. wary of adding fuel to Senator Goldwater's charge that the Administra- tion had “rigged” crises in Vietnam for political purposes. ‘Legitimate’: Whatever the reasons, however, the U.S.’s failure to respond proved that, short of an open North Vietnamese attack on U.S. bases or per- sonnel or an all-out offensive by the Communist Viet Cong—neither of which seems likely in the riear future—Wash- ington has no alternative but to maintain the military status quo in -Vietnam. Barely two weeks ago, despairing of any rapid military gains in South Vietnam itself, Ambassador Maxwell Taylor in- sisted that only “legitimate” reprisal ac- tions. against North Vietnam could persuade both Hanoi and Peking that the U.S. “meant business” and was de- termined to support Saigon at ‘least un- til a military stalemate was achieved: But now that option looked less and less feasible—since without provocation there cannot be “legitimate” reprisal. Nor does the political situation in South Vietnam offer Washington much choice. When the dust of Saigon’s latest © attempted coup cleared last week, Pre- mier Nguyen Khanh was still in formal wer and the U.S. once again reaf- firmed its support for the resilient little general. But while it was clear that =three weeks ago. without Washington’s backing Khanh was _. just another general among miny, it was by fio means certain that, even with it, he could manage. to remain 1") authority To be sure, Khanh had at the last emerged triumphant over the disgrun- tled generals and leaders of the right- wing Dai Viet party who, for 24 hours. (see following story), had seemed to have toppled him from his shaky perch And in’ thwarting the coup, he had ap- parently in one stroke silenced his Dai Viet and Catholic opposition and gained the support of the Buddhists. But put down one pressure group in South Viet nam today and another immediately pops up: Khanh’s “victory” was achieved only through the aid of a group of eighteen youthful colonels and generals _inevitably dubbed “Young Turks”— who, for their part, exacted | a.considera- ble list of concessions from the Premier. The Young Turks in effect gave Khanh 60 days to clean out the army and civil administration, and in particu- lar to retire the five generals, all col- leagues of Gen. Duong Van Minh, whom Khanh had released from detention only Unless | the Premier complies with their demands, the new power group threatens “to | complete the revolution” themselves. As if this was not enough, Khanh must also create a civil- ian “advisory council” before November —a job he has turned over to his. uncer- tain friend, “Big” Minh. | Amid all this frantic.pressure, Khanh’s strategy, in so far as he has one at@all, is to appear absolutely nonpartisan while trying to reconstitute some kind of er base. It is a hazardous game at best, and unlikely to make the next six weeks comfortable. ones for the Admin- istration. “Khanh’s survival is a day-to day question now,” admitted one high Pentagon official last week, “But he’s still our man. We have no other choice.” Crazy Coup When the time comes to write the tortured history of South Vietnam, the ‘events of Sept. 13 and 14 in Saigon may be worthy of no more than a facetious footnote. But although the latest. revolt against Premier Nguyen Khanh | un- folded like an Oriental opéra bouffe. improvised rather than rehearsed, _ its complicated course provided an oBject lesson in the almost incredible diffusion’ of power in South Vietnam -today. From Saigon, NEWSWEEK correspondent Fran- gois Sully last week reconstructed this ‘chronology of the crazy-quilt coup: Sunday, Sept. 13, 7 a.m.: As Saigon awakens, Lt. Col. Lam | Quan Tu, com- mander of the capital's armored de- tachment, opens the way for rebel forces of the Seventh Division. Headed by the disgruntled - divisional commander, 41. INTERNATIONAL Col. Huynh Van Ton, who fears he is about to be fired by Khanh, and coup leader Gen? Lam Van Phat, ousted as Interior Minister only a few days earlier, the rebel forces, armed with rifles and accompanied by armor, have traveled overnight from. their headquarters 40 miles southwest of Saigon. They are joined by ‘Rangers from the Fourth Corps of Gen. Du g Van Duc, who is under the. impressfin that the move is part of a totally different plot led by Air Force Commodore Nguyen Cao Ky, 8:45 a.m.: A US. military adviser, who has lost ‘his Vietnamese unit on the - outskirts of Saigon, spots the rebels mov- ing into the city, hightails it to a US. military command post. U.S. , Deputy Ambassador U. Alexis Johnson, informed of the attempted coup, sends Maj. Gen. Joseph Moore, Commander of the U.S. Second Air Division, rushing off to the Saigon airfield ° with orders not to let Commodore Ky out of his sight. 9:45 a.m.: Rebels disarm bewildered sentries at Premiet Khanh’s office, take over communications and radio build- ings. But. rebel. soldiers are reluctant’ to fight, prefer to mingle with pretty Saigon girls promenading| in their best silk sheaths and nibbling moon cakes: 1 p.m.: Céinmodore Ky’s Skyraider dive-bombers make: dry runs over rebel armor concentrations in the capital. Rebel officers are unconcerned, thinking Air Force is on their side. Saigon Sunday otherwise normal with Vietnamese pre- paring for naps. i ' 3 p.m.: William Sullivan, No. 3 man in the Saigon embassy, flies to resort city of Dalat to meet a sulking Khanh who is ready ‘to. throw in sponge be- cause he feels “nobody likes him.” 5 p.m.: After meeting with a Khanh emissary, Commodore Ky agrees to al- low pro-Khanh troops to land at the airport. Khanh arrives soon after, meets with Ky and Johnson, who tries to con- vince Air Force-chief to’ support Khanh. ‘10 p.m.:° Phat, looking frightened and “confused, ‘presents a list of anti- Khanh grievances to Johnson, who tells him U.S. cannot support coup because it would alienate American opinion, Monday, Sept. 14, 7:30 a.m.: Over- night, Commodore iKy joins with other “Young Turks” in the army to support Khanh. But they presént him with a two-month ultimatum for purging mili- tary and civil administration, General Duc meets with Ky, sees which way wind is blowing, agrees to end revolt after a face-saving communiqué. 9:45 a.m.: Duc. Ky, and other top officers formally annourice coup’s end at press conference in> Air Force | movie theater. Khanh promises no_ reprisals, but when Duc returns to his headquar- | “ters in Mekong Delta, he finds that he is no longer in command. Later, Duc, Phat, Colonel Ton and several other "42 ' Mauldin © 1964 Chicago Sua-Tigse ‘For a minute there, | thought we'd lost you’ rebel leaders are: placed under arrest. 12 noon: As rebel troops withdraw from city, a Saigon resident characterizes whole episode as “pour rire” ( laugha- ble). “We can’t even be serious about our coups any more,” he laments. CRISES: ° As ina Dream At a recent session of the U.N. Secu- rity Council, U.S. Ambassador Adlai berly noted that “o red active feuds” currently raged between the nations of the world. As of last week, the fever charts on five of the most notable of these disputes read as follows: Cyprus: While the U.N’ was trying to persuade its members. to keep its peace-keeping force for another three months, Ecuador’s ex-President Gallo Plaza Lasso took on the task of mediat- ing between Greeks and Turks. Presi- dent Makarios méde his first conciliatory _ Sesture in months by lifting his blockade rving Turkish - Cypriot village but Kokkina’s inhabitants at first rejected the food, preferring to starve in the hope of provoking inter- i y the Turkish Army. In New York, a U.N. Secretariat official offered @ woman reporter his solution to the problems of the turbulent Mediter- ranean island: “Sink it, madam. Sink it.” Laos: In Paris the Princely contend- ers for power in -this tiny Southeast Asian kingdom sought to compose their quarrels. Prince Souphanouvong, head of the .pro-Communist Pathet Lao, was eager to win agreement because this might lead to an international confer- ence not only on Laos but also on South Vietnam. His half-brother, Prince Sou- ’ OVer again, not from where the vanna Phouma, the neutralist Prime.” Minister of Laos, wanted agreement be- cause he would like ‘to rule a stable nation. And Ngon Sananikone, rightist leader and Minister of Public Works, wanted an agreement, probably because - his troops keep losing battles. Starting from this common ground; the . princes, as any Laotian would expect, agreed at the end of the week that their talks had failed so far. A Western observer of the talks said: “It was rather like negotiat- ing in a dream . ; .” / Malaysia: In the U.N. Security Coun- cil, earnest peace-seekers worked for an “Afro-Asian solution” to the problems posed by Indonesia’s continuing armed attacks on Malaysia: But in the end, the chief peace seeker—the Ivory Coast’s Arséne Assouan’ Usher—found that even the most indirect reproach to Indonesia was sure to eyoke a Russian “nyet.” At that, Western delegates went the whole hog with a tough Norwegian-sponsored resolution “deploring” the actions of the Indonesians, who had admitted their aggression on the council floor- Nine na- tions, including the two Afro-Asians ‘on the council, voted for the resolution. But as expected, the Russians came to the rescue of Indonesia by casting their first veto in more than a year. Yemen: The joint communiqué be- gan with the words Bism Allah (In the Name of God) and went on to say that Prince Faisal of Saudi Arabia and the U.A.R.’s President Gamal Abdel Nasser had ‘agreed to ‘fully cooperate ..°. in order to reach a peaceful solution of all problems in the Yemen.” Seemingly, Nasser had- promised to withdraw some of the 40,000. Egyptian troops bolstering up the Yemeni Republican Government if, in return, Faisal would switch his . Support" from Yeten’s ousted monarch Imam Mohammed: el Badr to a govern- ment composed of both republicans and royalists. It sounded a little too good to be true, and Prince Faisal; who. had heard similar Nasser promises before, obviously did not intend to carry out his end of the bargain first. Congo: Premier Moise ['shombe’s army, stiffened ‘by white mercenaries, seemed to have the rebels on the run again. Air reconnaissance _ last week showed rebel forces pulling out of sev- eral towns and heading north to their last major stronghold at Stanlevville. But even if the rebels vanished. tomorrow, reported NEwswerk’s Senior Editor Ar- naud de Borchgrave, it “would take years for the Congo to recover from the damage they have wrought. Wherever the rebels have been. they have killed almost: everyone who can read or- write and in one-third of his vast « country, Premier Tshombe will have to start all” Bel- gians left off; but from where they came in 80 years ago. ’ o Newsweek, September 28, 1964 qouaaseig JO (GO| 35=2 apau8u0] | Wg eliquet | \ uwenABui, y>(veast) 4 6ue.yoni eysbue4-— tere . + ue a al : dis Ueyusuery t ee oquej : ' sien Gua youy yy yeh) A” met unfunsibunys : : ; . 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